Degenerative disc disease/ DDD : Is an age related change to the spine, where the disc located between the spinal segments degenerate or dries out leading to decreased joint space, which causes pain, stiffness, muscle weakness.

Back sprain / Strain : An injury to muscle or ligament supporting the back leads to pain, decreased mobility, decreased strength, difficulty with functional tasks.

Disc buldge/ herniation : When the disc between the spinal segments is pushed out of its position or a tear to the disc can lead to pain, difficulty moving, radiating pain, numbness, tingling weakness.

Postural pain : It is caused as a result of muscle imbalance due to attaining postures or prolonged positions where musculoskeletal structures are put into stress and strain, causing pain, decreased mobility, and decreased endurance with prolonged positions and activities.

Stenosis : When there is a narrowing of the spinal canal, where the spinal cord runs, it could lead to compression of the nerve exiting the canal or the cord in the canal leading to pain, tingling, numbness, weakness, loss of balance, issues with bladder or bowel control.